研析奥氮平治疗老年晚期癌症患者抑郁状态的血药浓度与临床疗效关系

目的：研析奥氮平治疗老年晚期癌症患者抑郁状态的血药浓度与临床疗效的关系，促进合理用药。方法：80例这类患者服用2.5 ~ 10 mg·d-1奥氮平，应用全自动二维液相色谱法（2D-LC/UV）检测患者用药后4周内每周奥氮平血药浓度（C奥氮平）；采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-24）于治疗前、治疗后4周内每周评估疗效，应用线性回归方程分析奥氮平剂量与血药浓度相关性，运用Logistic回归和受试者工作曲线（ROC）分析奥氮平血药浓度与临床疗效相关性；采用副反应量表（TESS）评估药物不良反应。结果：奥氮平日剂量（D日）和C奥氮平线性方程呈正相关（r=0.634，P<0.001）。治疗的第1、2、3、4周末，有效组与无效组患者D日、C奥氮平、HAMD-24量表减分率存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。经Logistic回归分析得出年龄大、奥氮平血药浓度低是导致奥氮平治疗效果不理想的影响因素。以C奥氮平作为疗效预测因子绘制治疗第1、2、3、4周末ROC曲线，得出约登指数最大时对应的最佳临界值切点分别11.18、13.89、11.55、12.44 ng·mL-1；未发现C奥氮平与TESS量表评分相关（P>0.05）。结论：奥氮平血药浓度与日剂量、临床疗效密切相关，治疗老年晚期癌症患者抑郁状态最低有效血药浓度范围为11~14 ng·mL-1。     

In Vivo Kinematics of Functional Ankle Instability Patients and Lateral Ankle Sprain Copers During Stair Descent

Patients with mechanic ankle instability experience increased tibiotalar and subtalar joint laxity. However, in vivo joint kinematics in functional ankle instability (FAI) patients and lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers, especially during dynamic activities, are poorly understood. Ten FAI patients, 10 LAS copers, and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. A dual fluoroscopic imaging system was used to analyze the tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during stair descent. Five key poses of stair descent were analyzed. Kinematic data from six degrees of freedom were calculated utilizing a solid modeling software. The range of motion and joint positions in each degree of freedom were compared among the three groups. The tibiotalar joints of FAI patients and LAS copers were significantly more inverted than those of healthy controls during the foot strike (p = 0.016, = 0.264). The subtalar joints of FAI patients were significantly more anteriorly translated (pose 2, p = 0.003, = 0.352; pose 3, p < 0.001, = 0.454; pose 4, p = 0.004, = 0.334), inverted (pose 4, p = 0.027, = 0.234; pose 5,p = 0.034, = 0.221), and externally rotated (pose 4, p = 0.037, = 0.217; pose 5; p = 0.004, = 0.331) than those of healthy controls during the mid‐stance and the heel off. The FAI patients showed excessive tibiotalar inversion and subtalar joint hypermobility during stair descent. Meanwhile, the LAS copers maintained subtalar joint stability, and only showed excessive tibiotalar inversion in foot strike. These data provide insight into the mechanisms behind the development of FAI after initial LAS. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1860–1867, 2019     

3D打印在功能性鼻整形手术中的应用

功能性鼻整形手术是一种恢复或改善鼻的形状和功能的手术,在术中常用到植入或非植入性材料。3D打印是材料制造行业的一次技术革新,近年来在包括生命医学的多个科学领域发展迅猛。3D打印具有个性定制、精确制作的特点,这恰好与个体化需求明显的功能性鼻整形手术契合。本文就3D打印在功能性鼻整形手术术前规划和学习、术中辅助操作和引导、植入物等方面的研究和应用进行综述,并将应用3D打印与传统方法的功能性鼻整形手术进行对比,同时展望3D打印在该领域的未来发展。     

The gut microbiota at the intersection of bile acids and intestinal carcinogenesis: An old story,yet mesmerizing

The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has markedly increased worldwide in the last decade. Alterations of bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota have been reported to play vital roles in intestinal carcinogenesis. About trillions of bacteria have inhabited in the human gut and maintained the balance of host metabolism. Bile acids are one of numerous metabolites that are synthesized in the liver and further metabolized by the gut microbiota, and are essential in maintaining the normal gut microbiota and lipid digestion. Multiple receptors such as FXR, GPBAR1, PXR, CAR and VDR act as sensors of bile acids have been reported. In this review, we mainly discussed interplay between bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in intestinal carcinogenesis. We then summarized the critical role of bile acids receptors involving in CRC, and also addressed the rationale of multiple interventions for CRC management by regulating bile acids–microbiota axis such as probiotics, metformin, ursodeoxycholic acid and fecal microbiota transplantation. Thus, by targeting the bile acids–microbiota axis may provide novel therapeutic modalities in CRC prevention and treatment.     

从免疫炎性损伤角度探讨5种清热解毒药物抗流感的机制及其临床意义

目的探讨黄芩、板蓝根、白头翁、虎杖、白花蛇舌草5种清热解毒代表药物抗流感病毒感染所致免疫炎性损伤的作用机制。方法在流感病毒亚洲甲型鼠肺适应株FM1感染小鼠后的不同时相(初期、极期、后期),采用ELISA法,动态观察清热解毒代表药物对小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)5种炎性细胞因子含量的影响。结果黄芩在感染后第3日可显著降低血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6含量,并于感染后各时相均可增加IFN-γ含量,感染后第1~5日增加IL-10含量。板蓝根在感染后第3日能显著降低血清TNF-α含量,第3~5日降低IL-6含量,并在感染后第1天升高IL-10含量,在感染后第3~5日能升高IFN-γ含量。白头翁在感染后第3日能明显降低血清TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6含量,同时显著升高IL-10含量。虎杖在感染后第1日可显著升高血清IL-10含量,在感染后第5日升高IFN-γ含量。白花蛇舌草在感染后第3日降低血清IL-6含量,在感染后第5日升高IFN-γ含量。结论黄芩的抗流感作用主要表现在流感病毒感染引起的急性外感热病的极期;板蓝根在流感病毒感染的各个时相均有一定的治疗作用;白头翁在流感病毒感染的极期可抑制炎性损伤;虎杖在感染流感病毒的初期与后期均可减少促炎性细胞因子的分泌;白花蛇舌草在流感病毒感染的极期及后期均可起到一定的抗免疫炎性损伤。各药物均具有抑制炎性损伤、防止多脏器功能衰竭、防止休克、退热和抑制促炎性细胞因子的分泌,调节机体免疫,从而减轻炎症反应的作用。     

电子化牙周检查记录软件在牙周临床教学中的应用

目的评价电子化牙周检查记录软件在牙周病学临床教学中的应用效果。方法将基于HTML+CSS+JavaScript等技术开发的电子化牙周检查记录软件应用到牙周临床教学中,并对应用该软件的52名学生和12名带教教师进行问卷调查。结果电子化牙周检查记录软件在临床教学中的应用得到学生与教师的认可,73.08%的学生和75.00%的教师认为电子化牙周检查记录软件可以完全取代纸质牙周检查记录表。结论电子化牙周检查记录软件有助于学生更好地学习,有利于牙周临床教学工作更好地实施与开展。